Blog
Guides on IPv4 and IPv6 resources, routing security, IP reputation, BYOIP and running infrastructure.
80 articles
Your first BGP session: what to prepare before announcing your own prefix
A practical checklist for your first BGP session: prefix authorisation, IRR and RPKI, upstream details, filters, and how to verify the announcement.
IT & infrastructureHow to Prevent Shadow IP Assignments in Enterprise Networks
In an enterprise network, an IP address can appear on a device without a request, approval, or IPAM record. These shadow assignments create conflicts, complicate incident investigations…
IP reputationAbuse Desk Workflow for IPv4 Lessors and Lessees
IPv4 leasing requires clear responsibility distribution for handling security incidents, complaints, and policy violations. An effective abuse desk workflow helps resource owners and users…
Registry & RIPECross-Border IPv4 Transfer Timeline by RIR Region
Cross-border IPv4 transfers require coordination between regional internet registries, resource holders, and recipients. The timeline depends on registry procedures, document verification…
Leasing & salesWhat a fair IPv4 lease agreement should contain
A clause-by-clause checklist for IPv4 lease agreements: term, renewal, notice, abuse handling, LOA scope, ROA and rDNS, return condition and liability.
Cloud & BYOIPMoving mail servers between clouds without losing deliverability
How to move mail servers to a new cloud without hurting deliverability: IP reputation, warm-up, PTR, SPF, DKIM, DMARC and BYOIP.
IPv6Public IPv4 Gateways for IPv6-First Applications
IPv6-first applications are designed to operate primarily over IPv6, but many services still require communication with IPv4-only systems. Public IPv4 gateways provide a transition…
Cloud & BYOIPWhere cloud public IPv4 costs come from and how to cut them
Why public IPv4 appears on cloud bills, what a /24 costs at $0.005 an hour, and how to cut it with cleanup, NAT, IPv6 and BYOIP.
Registry & RIPERunning your own LIR or using a sponsor: how to decide
Running your own RIPE NCC LIR or using a sponsoring LIR: what each lets you do, the obligations and costs involved, and the questions that decide it.
Routing & RPKICan an RPKI-Valid Route Still Be Hijacked? What IPv4 Owners Should Know
Your IPv4 prefix has a valid ROA. Your monitoring dashboard shows RPKI: Valid. Does that mean the route is safe? Not necessarily.
Registry & RIPESponsoring LIR explained: what changes when you move PI space or an ASN
What a sponsoring LIR does for PI space and ASNs, what changes when you switch sponsor, and how to move without disrupting your routing.
IP reputationWhat an ASN background check reveals before you buy, lease or peer
What an ASN background check covers before you buy, lease or peer: registry records, holder history, routing behaviour, reputation and sanctions.
Leasing & salesUsed IPv4 Blocks: Due Diligence Checklist Before Acquisition
A used IPv4 block can reduce time to deployment, but it can also carry reputation, routing, registry, and legal issues. Due diligence should verify ownership, allocation records, BGP…
IP reputationClean IP Onboarding: What to Test Before Routing Production Traffic
Moving new IP resources into a production environment requires technical validation before they begin handling real traffic. Address reputation, routing configuration, and security…
Cloud & BYOIPBYOIP on OVHcloud for bare-metal fleets
When bringing your own IPv4 to OVHcloud pays off for bare-metal fleets, what the registry needs, and how to plan prefixes and reputation.
Registry & RIPERIPE database objects every resource holder should understand
A plain guide to the RIPE Database objects behind your IP space and ASN: inetnum, aut-num, route, mntner, organisation, role, person and domain.
Cloud & BYOIPBYOIP for SaaS Platforms With Strict Uptime Requirements
For a SaaS platform, availability depends not only on application redundancy but also on stable public network endpoints. If a regional or provider failure forces new IP addresses…
Routing & RPKIRPKI Validation Rollout Plan for Small Networks
RPKI adoption helps small networks improve BGP security by verifying whether route announcements are authorized by resource holders. A structured rollout reduces deployment risks and allows…
Cloud & BYOIPPreparing the registry side of BYOIP: ROA, route objects and validation records
The registry work behind BYOIP, step by step: RIPE Database checks, ROAs, route objects, provider validation records and reverse DNS.
IT & infrastructureHardening edge routers and firewalls: a practical checklist
A practical hardening checklist for edge routers and firewalls: management plane, AAA, control-plane policing, BGP session protection, logging and backups.
IPv6IPv6 for hosting providers: assigning prefixes to customers
How hosting providers can choose /48, /56 or /64 customer assignments, register them, delegate reverse DNS and keep IPv6 allocations aggregatable.
Registry & RIPEGetting an ASN in the RIPE region: what you need before you apply
What to prepare before requesting an AS number in the RIPE region: the routing rationale, peers, IP space, database objects and technical readiness.
IPv6NAT64 and DNS64 Explained for Enterprise Network Teams
Enterprise networks use NAT64 and DNS64 when IPv6-only clients must reach IPv4-only services. The design can reduce public IPv4 use, but it also adds translation state, DNS behavior…
Registry & RIPEHow to Handle Company Name Changes in RIR Records
A company name change does not always mean that ownership of IPv4 resources has changed. If the registry still shows the old legal name, later address transfers can become harder because…
Cloud & BYOIPBYOIP Readiness Checklist Before Cloud Migration
Cloud migration with customer-owned IP resources requires careful preparation because network identity, routing, and address ownership must remain consistent during the transition…
IP reputationHow to read an IP blacklist report before you buy or lease a block
How to read a multi-list blacklist report on an IPv4 block: which listings matter, which don't, and what to settle before you buy or lease.
Routing & RPKIBGP Communities for Traffic Engineering With IPv4 Prefixes
BGP communities give network teams a controlled way to signal routing intent for IPv4 prefixes. They help steer traffic, mark routes, trigger provider actions, and document policy without…
Leasing & salesWhat Is an LOA in IP Address Leasing?
IP address leasing requires clear authorization between the resource owner, service provider, and network operator. A Letter of Authorization confirms that a party has permission to use or…
Registry & RIPEHow to Document IPv4 Ownership for Internal and External Audits
IPv4 ownership documentation helps organizations prove control over address resources and maintain accurate records during reviews. Internal teams use this information for asset management…
Leasing & salesIPv4 Lease Renewal Strategy: What to Check Before Extending a Block
IPv4 lease renewal should be planned before the last billing cycle. A company must verify routing, reputation, contract dates, abuse history, and technical delegation before it keeps the…
IT & infrastructureWhat an infrastructure audit covers in its first two weeks
What a two-week infrastructure audit should cover, from inventory and network diagrams to backups, access and monitoring, and what you should receive.
Leasing & salesIPv4 Portfolio Diversification: Balancing Leasing, Selling, and Holding
An IPv4 resource owner does not have to make the same decision for every unused block. Some ranges may be needed for future infrastructure, others can generate recurring lease revenue, and…
Routing & RPKIWhat Is a ROA and How Is It Different From an IRR Route Object?
ROAs and IRR route objects both connect an IP prefix with an autonomous system, but they provide different types of routing assurance. Treating them as interchangeable can create problems…
Leasing & salesThe /24 plus ASN package: when a ready-to-route setup makes sense
What a /24 plus ASN package includes, when a ready-to-route setup is worth it, when it isn't, and what to check before you sign.
Cloud & BYOIPBYOIP for Disaster Recovery: Keeping Addresses Stable During Failover
Disaster recovery can fail at the network edge even when backup compute is ready. If the recovery site uses different public addresses, teams may need emergency changes to DNS, allowlists…
Leasing & salesIPv4 Escrow Explained: Protecting Buyers, Sellers, and Lessees
IPv4 transactions require the parties to coordinate payment, resource rights, registry changes, and the moment when an address block becomes available for use. Escrow separates these…
IP reputationWhy some blacklists clear you in hours and others take weeks
Why delisting speed varies between blacklists: automated vs manual lists, spamtrap and volume triggers, per-IP vs range listings, and caching.
IPv6Dual-stack rollout plan for a mid-size company network
A phased plan for rolling out dual-stack IPv6 in a mid-size company network, from readiness checks and address plan to security, services and users.
Cloud & BYOIPHow BYOIP Reduces Re-IP Work During Cloud Exit
Leaving a cloud platform can force changes to public IP addresses, DNS, firewall rules, allowlists, partner integrations, and monitoring. BYOIP reduces this burden by letting a company…
IP reputationSpamhaus SBL vs CSS: what each listing means for your IP space
How Spamhaus SBL and CSS listings differ, why they happen, how removal works and what each means when you hold, buy or lease IPv4 space.
IT & infrastructureA monitoring stack for small ISPs and hosting companies
What a small ISP or hosting company should monitor, from BGP and RPKI to blacklists and certificates, and how to run alerting and on-call.
IP reputationASN Reputation vs IP Reputation: Why Both Affect Network Trust
Network reputation assessment helps organizations, internet providers, and security platforms evaluate whether network traffic can be trusted. Companies using IP resources need to…
Registry & RIPEHow IRR Records Support Clean IPv4 Transfers
An IPv4 transfer changes the party that controls an address resource, but it does not automatically update every routing record associated with that prefix. If IRR still points to an old…
Leasing & salesWhat Is Prefix Length and Why Do IPv4 Buyers Care?
An IPv4 block is defined not only by its starting address but also by its prefix length. That value determines how many addresses the block contains, how it can be subnetted and announced…
Cloud & BYOIPMulti-cloud with one address space: patterns and pitfalls
Splitting one IPv4 block across clouds: /24 planning, a ROA per provider ASN, announcement conflicts and the limits of failover.
Leasing & salesRisk-Based IPv4 Monetization: When Not Every Block Should Be Leased
Unused IPv4 space can generate revenue, but leasing every available block is not always the best decision. A range with poor reputation, unstable routing history, unclear control, or a…
Routing & RPKIROA Expiration Mistakes That Can Break IPv4 Reachability
ROA expiration is a routing risk because many networks now use RPKI data to decide whether an IPv4 route is valid, invalid, or unknown. If the record expires or no longer matches the live…
Leasing & salesWhy /23 and /22 IPv4 Blocks Matter for Growing Networks
Growing networks often outgrow a single /24 before they are ready for a large allocation. /23 and /22 IPv4 blocks help teams add capacity, reduce routing complexity, and plan address use…
IP reputationHow Abuse Handling Protects IPv4 Lease Revenue
IPv4 leasing requires continuous management because address reputation and operational stability directly affect resource value. Abuse incidents, incorrect usage, and security issues can…
Registry & RIPERIPE Database Cleanup Checklist Before an IPv4 Transfer
Before an IPv4 transfer, the parties should review the RIPE Database objects connected to the resource. Old contacts, inaccessible maintainers, and obsolete routing records can create…
Leasing & salesHow to compare IPv4 lease offers: price per IP is not the whole story
Price per IP is only one line in an IPv4 lease. How to compare offers on effective cost, terms, block quality, registry support and exit risk.
Routing & RPKIReverse DNS on leased IPv4: setting up PTR records for mail and APIs
How reverse DNS works on leased IPv4, who controls the PTR records, and how to set them up and test them for mail servers and API endpoints.
IT & infrastructureRemote infrastructure management: what to outsource and what to keep in-house
How to decide which infrastructure tasks to hand to a remote management provider, which to keep in-house, and what the contract must cover.
IP reputationWhy IP Geolocation Can Be Wrong After an IPv4 Transfer
An IPv4 transfer changes registry data, but GeoIP providers may continue to show the old country. Learn which records matter and how to request corrections.
Leasing & salesIPv4 Leasing for Seasonal Traffic Spikes and Temporary Projects
A seasonal peak or temporary project can require additional public IPv4 space for weeks or months without creating a permanent infrastructure need. Leasing lets a company add capacity for…
IP reputationHow Snowshoe Spam Reduces IPv4 Market Value
IPv4 resources have market value based not only on availability but also on reputation history and operational reliability. Snowshoe spam can reduce the perceived quality of IP ranges and…
Leasing & salesShort-Term vs Long-Term IPv4 Leasing: How to Choose the Right Contract
IPv4 leasing is a practical way to get routable address space without buying it. The choice between a short and a long contract affects routing, cost, reputation control, compliance duties…
IPv6IPv4 Sunset Plans: How to Decide Which Services Move First
An IPv4 sunset rarely happens as one network-wide event. Enterprises usually remove IPv4 service by service because applications, clients, and dependencies reach IPv6 readiness at different…
Routing & RPKIMANRS Requirements for IPv4 Network Operators
IPv4 network operators are responsible for maintaining secure routing practices that protect the global internet infrastructure. Routing incidents such as route leaks, incorrect…
IT & infrastructureIP Address Lifecycle Management: From Request to Retirement
An IP address passes through request, approval, allocation, assignment, active use, reclamation, and retirement. Without a common policy and inventory, a company can lose track of who uses…
Leasing & salesChoosing between a /24, /23 and /22: sizing your first own block
How to choose between a /24, /23 and /22 for your first own IPv4 block, based on routability, growth, aggregation and subnet planning.
Cloud & BYOIPAWS, Azure and Google Cloud BYOIP compared: requirements side by side
How AWS, Azure and Google Cloud differ on BYOIP prefix sizes, ROA origins, proof of control and fees, set out side by side.
Leasing & salesBuy or lease IPv4 in 2026: a decision framework for hosting companies
A practical framework for hosting companies deciding whether to buy or lease IPv4, built on cash flow, time horizon, growth and risk.
IP reputationIP Reputation Needs for Email Marketing Platforms
Email marketing platforms depend on more than message content and authentication. The reputation of the sending IP affects how mailbox providers evaluate traffic, especially at scale. Poor…
Leasing & salesHow Contract Terms Influence the Real Yield of IPv4 Leasing
The headline lease rate does not show the full economic result of an IPv4 agreement. Revenue depends on how long the block remains occupied and billable, whether invoices are paid on time…
IP reputationThreat-intelligence scores and new IP space: what AbuseIPDB-style ratings tell you
What AbuseIPDB-style threat-intelligence scores measure, how they affect newly acquired IPv4 space and how to assess a block before you use it.
Registry & RIPEHow RIR Lock Periods Affect IPv4 Buying Strategy
IPv4 acquisition requires more than finding available address space. Buyers must consider regional internet registry rules, transfer restrictions, and timing requirements before completing…
Routing & RPKIRoute Filtering Best Practices for Newly Leased IPv4 Space
Newly leased IPv4 space must be announced only after routing authorization, registry records, and peer filters are aligned. If a prefix is visible in BGP before databases and filters are…
IP reputationIP Reputation: How Spamhaus and Blacklists Affect IPv4 Value
IP reputation has become one of the most important quality signals in the IPv4 market. In 2026, IPv4 addresses are no longer treated only as technical resources. They are bought, sold…
Cloud & BYOIPWhen Not to Use BYOIP: Limits, Risks, and Alternatives
BYOIP can provide control over IP ownership and network identity, but it is not suitable for every organization. Provider requirements, routing limitations, compliance obligations, and…
IPv6IPv6 Adoption Metrics That Actually Matter to Network Managers
IPv6 deployment can look complete while users, applications, or network segments still depend on IPv4. Network managers therefore need metrics that show real usage, client reachability…
Leasing & salesIPv4 Procurement Roadmap: Planning Address Needs for the Next 12 Months
Planning IPv4 resources one year ahead helps a company estimate required address space, sourcing time, and whether leasing or purchasing is more appropriate. It also reduces shortage risk…
Routing & RPKIDetecting Unauthorized Announcements of Your IPv4 Prefixes
Unauthorized IPv4 announcements can move traffic away from the legitimate origin ASN, create outages, expose data paths, or damage address reputation. Detection must combine live BGP…
IP reputationIP Geolocation Correction Steps Before Launching a New Service
Launching a service on acquired, leased, or reassigned IP space can expose a geolocation mismatch before users arrive. If databases still associate the prefix with a previous country or…
IT & infrastructureAutomating rDNS Updates Without Losing Change Control
Reverse DNS changes affect mail reputation, logging, abuse handling, and customer trust. Automation can reduce manual work, but it must not bypass approvals, naming policy, ownership…
Registry & RIPEWhat Is IPv4 Reassignment and How Does It Work?
IPv4 resources are managed through structured allocation systems that define how address space is assigned between organizations and users. Reassignment allows existing IP resources to be…
IT & infrastructureIPv4 and Zero Trust: Addressing for Segmented Access
Modern networks use segmentation to reduce attack surfaces and control access between different resources. IPv4 addressing remains an important part of this approach because logical address…
IP reputationSanctions screening in IPv4 and ASN deals: what EU companies should check
What EU companies should check for sanctions in IPv4 and ASN deals: which lists to use, who to screen, red flags and how to document it.
Leasing & salesLeasing out idle IPv4 safely: how tenant vetting works
How tenant vetting protects owners who lease out idle IPv4: identity and sanctions checks, use-case review, ASN history, lease controls and monitoring.
IPv6IPv6 Address Planning Mistakes That Create Long-Term Complexity
IPv6 adoption gives organizations a larger address space, but poor planning decisions can create operational problems that remain for years. Incorrect subnet design, unclear allocation…